It was estimated that the area under the curve (AUC) for predicting immunotherapy benefit using TMB or PD-L1 alone was typically around 0.6–0.7.5,8 Moreover, multivariable models based on molecular analyses of tumor biopsy tissue collected prior to treatment achieved modest improvements, with AUC ranging from 0.7 to 0.8,9–14 which was not sufficient for further clinical decision-making. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.