HBB and Beta-thalassemia: Beta‐thalassemia arises from mutations in the beta‐globin gene, causing reduced or absent beta‐globin chain production, leading to microcytosis, hypochromia, anisopoikilocytosis, and the presence of target cells and nucleated RBCs, and can present as thalassemia minor, intermedia, or major with varying degrees of clinical severity [3, 4].