Moreover, uremic toxins such as phosphate, para-cresyl sulfate (PCS), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) have been reported to increase the risks of cognitive impairment in patients with CKD (Yeh et al. 2016; Adesso et al. 2017, 2018; Karbowska et al. 2020). The gene discussed is FGF23; the disease is chronic kidney disease.