In the overall cohort of autoantibody-positive individuals, participants with HLA-DR4-DQ8 (n=3603), compared with participants with HLA-DR4 but not HLA-DQ8 (n=381), had a significantly higher prevalence of IA-2A, lower prevalence of IAA, higher T1D-GRS2, higher risk of progression to clinical diabetes and higher prevalence of dysglycaemia at baseline (all comparisons, p<0.01). This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF10A and type 1 diabetes mellitus.