HMOX1 and cardiomyopathy: By activating the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/NRF2 intracellular signaling pathway, NRF2 activation and up-regulation of NRF2 expression can prevent cardiomyopathy and can also increase the expression of HO-1 to play a neuroprotective role (Hui et al., 2017; Xin et al., 2018).