TP53 and breast carcinoma: These genes were not included because (1) there was no statistical significant association between rare coding or rare loss-of-function variants in these genes and breast cancer when looking in the general population13,20 (for some genes such as TP53, the lack of association is because of the extreme rarity of loss-of-function variants in the gene) and (2) other studies, such as the WISDOM, have yet to include these genes in their protocol.49