Therefore, our findings support the concept that ApoL1 risk alleles can increase the risk incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the context of hyperlipidemia, suggesting that atherosclerosis should be paid attention in ApoL1 risk allele carriers with hyperlipidemia and correction of ApoL1 risk alleles could be a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of human atherosclerosis. The gene discussed is APOL1; the disease is hyperlipidemia.