NFKB1 and inflammatory bowel disease: Several phytochemicals, including didymin, genistein, and loganin, have demonstrated potential in treating experimental colitis by modifying macrophage polarization.83,113,115 The chemical components of flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids play a crucial role in controlling various signaling processes, offering potential therapeutic avenues.83,89,115 Inflammatory bowel disease, a common condition, activates NF-kB pathways, negatively influencing disease progression.