Furthermore, because of the anorectic effect of GDF15, it has become a potential therapeutic target in the management of obesity, metabolic syndrome (Wang et al., 2021a, b) cancer related anorexia (Assadi et al., 2020; Borner et al., 2020), and cachexia (Ling et al., 2023). This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.