In the lungs of bleomycin‐treated aged mice and IPF patients, elevated alveolar epithelial ATF4 aggravates pulmonary UPRmt, lung inflammation, and even death, which indicates that ERS and consequent mitochondrial dysfunction contribute to the development of a variety of pulmonary diseases (Bao et al., 2024; Jiang et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene ATF4 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.