Most signature genes are constituents of antiviral pathways, in particular IFN signalling which is induced upon SARS-CoV-2 binding to RIG-I-Like Receptors and Toll-Like Receptors and has been shown to limit viral replication and associate with less severe outcomes in hospitalised COVID-19 cases.20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26. This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and COVID-19.