IFIH1 and HIV-1 infection: Transfection of HIV-1 genomic RNA activated RIG-I-dependent signaling (13, 15), but the relevance of RIG-I in the context of HIV-1 infection has not been confirmed, whereas MDA5 is the innate immune receptor for intron-containing RNA from the HIV-1 provirus and that MDA5 potentially contributes to chronic inflammation in people living with HIV-1 (14).