The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is a major regulator of IPF and is a potential therapeutic target for IPF.[399] PI3K/AKT is activated by FTO/RUNX1, thus inducing renal fibrosis.[400] In addition, PI3K/AKT can directly or indirectly regulate cardiac fibroblasts and/or the ECM to affect the progression of cardiac fibrosis.[398]. The gene discussed is RUNX1; the disease is idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.