demonstrated that macrophages are required for bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis.[46] In 1989, Khalil N reported for the first time that macrophages can produce TGF‐β1 and promote the synthesis of ECM in a bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis rat model.[47] Similarly, Lynne A Murray and colleagues reported that the production of TGF‐β1 by macrophages drove pulmonary fibrosis.[48]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and pulmonary fibrosis.