Pirfenidone (PFD): PFD is an orally bioavailable synthetic molecule that suppresses gene transcription as well as the activity of TGF‐β.[508, 509, 510] It also inhibits fibroblast proliferation and snythesis of type I and type III collagen.[511, 512, 513] PFD was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for IPF treatment early in 2014. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.