IL1B and susceptibility to pneumonia measurement: Compared with other viral and bacterial causes of pneumonia, monocyte/macrophage‐derived IL‐1β and epithelial cell‐derived IL‐6 are specific characteristics of SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced pneumonia.[270] Human airway epithelia, which is infected by SARS‐CoV‐2, generates signals (i.e., genomic and mitochondrial DNA) to promote the release of IL‐1β by leukocytes.