SOAT1 and pulmonary fibrosis: Multiple cytokines and growth factors can activate JAK/STAT signaling, such as the IFN family, the IL‐10 family, and the PDGF family.[386, 387] For example, cytokines and growth factors trigger the JAK/STAT signaling pathway to activate HSCs and hepatocytes, thereby inducing hepatic fibrosis.[388, 389] In renal fibrosis, STAT3 is activated in tubulointerstitial cells, renal TECs and macrophages.[390] In addition, Yangqing Chenfei formula (CYF) attenuates pulmonary fibrosis by targeting the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.[391]