To show the importance of insulin signaling during WNV-NY99 infection in insect cells, we treated multiple mosquito cell lines and D. melanogaster S2 cells with 1.7 μM bovine insulin prior to WNV infection (Esmann, 1963; Kang et al., 2008; Surachetpong et al., 2009; Xu et al., 2013; Ahlers et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene INS and infection.