CD274 and neoplasm: For instance, PD-L1 inhibition is known to modulate functions of immune cells such as T-, NK-, and myeloid cell populations, amongst several others to drastically remodel the tumor microenvironment (Gubin et al, 2018; Gubin et al, 2014; Wei et al, 2017) as well as modulate local and systemic cytokine and growth factor changes that include IFNs (Mastri et al, 2018a).