CD4 and neoplasm: IL6 is known to activate a multitude of tumor promoting effects that include (i) enhancing expression of pro-angiogenic factors in tumor cells (e.g., VEGF, IL1β, IL8 (Lederle et al, 2011)), (ii) suppressing antigen presentation from dendritic cells (Kitamura et al, 2005), (iii) promoting pro-tumorigenic macrophage phenotypes (Fu et al, 2017), and (iv) suppressing anti-tumor functions of CD4+ T cells (Tsukamoto et al, 2015) (amongst many others (Tsukamoto et al, 2018b)).