Since secreted PTIS cytokines such as IL6, LCN2, CCL2 and non-secreted ISGs (i.e., MHC-I and PD-L1) can have opposing effects on immune activation and affect how tumor cells respond to ICI treatments (Adler et al, 2023; Tu et al, 2020), we examined whether PTR cells might influence (or be influenced by) immune cell populations that are part of the anti-tumor response. This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and neoplasm.