This family of pro-inflammatory cytokines contributes to the initiation and progression of periodontal disease by promoting leukocyte migration and recruitment, stimulating the production of other inflammatory mediators and metalloproteinases, activating T and B lymphocytes, and stimulating osteoblasts, leading to bone resorption.(30,31) DHA and EPA n-3 PUFA modulate the inflammatory cascade by effectively inhibiting the release of new pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is periodontal disorder.