Furthermore, when combined with progesterone or 5-FU, estradiol promotes ERβ expression in CRC cells, reduces the expression of the cell cycle markers CCND1/3, ultimately leading to cell cycle arrest in the sub-G1 phase and apoptosis (Mahbub, 2022; Mahbub et al., 2022). The gene discussed is ESR2; the disease is colorectal carcinoma.