IARS1 and colorectal carcinoma: Androgen• Androgens contribute to epigenetic dysregulation and CRC progression  primarily through the nuclear receptors, whereas their interaction with  membrane receptors may trigger apoptosis.• iARs contain varying amounts of CAG repeats, and CRC patients tend to  have longer CAG repeats .• Methylation of iARs genes po·tentially playing a role in sex differences in  CRC.• Testosterone-albumin couplings selectively bind to mARs, inhibiting CRC cell  invasion and migration while inducing apoptosis through the activation of  Akt, caspase-3, and rapid actin reorganization.