Using knowledge-based transcriptomic analysis (92), we reported that the innate immune function of VSMCs plays a role in two-wave inflammation associated with atherosclerosis and twin-peak inflammation seen in aortic aneurysms, and their potential to trans-differentiate into 25 distinct cell types (24); (6) Angiotensin II (Ang II) was found to induce abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) hyperlipidemic mice, leading to the upregulation of 73 and 68 cytokines, respectively. This evidence concerns the gene APOE and abdominal aortic aneurysm.