AKT1 and Parkinson disease: The PI3K/AKT cascade, which acts on a large number of proteins, is considered a key player in PD models, as research indicates its ability to significantly improve neuronal survival, promote neurogenesis, and inhibit neurotoxin-induced apoptosis (Zheng M. et al., 2021; Khezri and Ghasemnejad-Berenji, 2022; Zheng X. et al., 2021; Wang Q. et al., 2022).