This implies the acquisition of chemotactic and activated status in the cytotoxic T cells within the CSF of patients with ALS.29 To investigate potential cellular interactions between CSF macrophages in patients with ALS with other cell types, we focused on gene expression programmes specific to CSF macrophages of patients with ALS, including CCL3, CCL4 and CXCL8, along with their corresponding receptor pairs. Here, CCL3 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.