Similarly, MT:4991G>A in the ND2 gene and MT:4188A>G in the ND1 gene, which are both involved in encoding subunits of NADH dehydrogenase, also demonstrated protective effects, suggesting that these variants might enhance oxidative phosphorylation efficiency, thereby mitigating T2D risk. This evidence concerns the gene ENSG00000251605 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.