Moreover, immunofluorescence analysis revealed strong colocalizations of the autophagy markers Beclin 1 and POSTN in fibrotic heart tissues from BCAA-deficiency-induced T2D mice compared to controls (Figure 4D), indicating that increased Beclin 1 expression in cardiac fibroblasts rather than cardiomyocytes enhanced their autophagy activity. Here, POSTN is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.