STAT3 and colorectal carcinoma: Triptolide, a diterpenoid triepoxide derived from traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, has demonstrated efficacy in disrupting the IL6R-JAK1-STAT3 pathway by inactivating small GTPase Rac1, thereby reducing CRC incidence, improving survival rates in colitis-associated CRC mouse models, and inhibiting proliferation in CRC cell lines such as SW480 and Caco-2 (Wang et al., 2009).