TGFB1 and precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: This study aimed to characterize the cytokine network in newly diagnosed pediatric B-ALL patients by measuring serum levels of interleukins (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-17A, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1).