BRAF and melanoma: Mutations in the BRAF kinase are observed in ∼40–60% of melanoma patients, and other frequent melanoma subtypes involve activating mutations in RAS isoforms (20–30% of patients) or loss of NF1 (10–15%) (Gutierrez-Castaneda et al, 2020; Vanni et al, 2020; Randic et al, 2021).