We report decreased levels of total memory B cells (MBC; CD27+IgD−CD24+CD38lo) and double positive B cells (DP; CD27+IgD+), mirrored by an increased in double negative B cells (DN; CD27−IgD−) and plasmablasts (CD27+IgD−CD24−CD38+) in SLE patients compared to healthy controls at baseline, differences that were maintained after vaccination (Fig. 3A; gating strategy in Supplementary Fig. 4A and B). This evidence concerns the gene CD27 and systemic lupus erythematosus.