VEGFA and dental pulp disorder: Both endothelial and nonendothelial cells possess VEGF receptors, which act via autocrine pathways to regulate cell survival and function.10In addition, VEGF plays an important role in osteoblast differentiation as well as osteoclast function, thereby maintaining bone homeostasis.11Furthermore, VEGF induces an increase in microvascular permeability, which is accompanied by plasma protein extravasation and predictable changes in the stroma that promote angiogenesis.12There is evidence that VEGF levels are higher in radicular cysts and granulomas than in healthy tissues.13, 14