VEGFA and periapical granuloma: The present results indicating a significant correlation between HIF-1α and VEGF in the radicular cysts and periapical granulomas provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of these odontogenic lesions and support the hypothesis that HIF-1α, a marker of hypoxia, may trigger or enhance the production of VEGF.10The findings suggest that these lesions may expand and persist under hypoxic conditions, where the activation of HIF-1α leads to the upregulation of VEGF, causing new blood vessels to form to meet the metabolic demands of cystic or granulomatous tissue.