NFE2L2 and cancer: Sulforaphane (SFN, Fig. 1A), an isothiocyanate derived from cruciferous vegetables, particularly broccoli sprouts [6], has been revealed for its anti-tumor potential in various types of cancers with negligible toxicity [[7], [8], [9]], which is achieved through several mechanisms, such as inhibiting phase I enzymes that activate carcinogens, inducing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-regulated genes of phase II detoxification enzymes, and triggering apoptotic cell death [6,[10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15]].