There is ample evidence that the PPARγ system is widespread in the brain, rapidly senses CNS cellular stress, and functions in the CNS in neurons in multiple anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective ways.161,162 In addition, PPARγ elevation can positively impact several key pathological processes in depression,163 indicating that PPARγ agonists may have significant antidepressant effects. This evidence concerns the gene PPARG and major depressive disorder.