The mitochondrial OXPHOS process, driven by five enzyme complexes within the electron transport chain, is a crucial pathway for ATP production in eukaryotic cells.[23] Dysregulation of OXPHOS is associated with diseases like human mitochondrial disorders and cancer.[24] While upstream regulators such as MYC, PGC1α, and PINK1 are known for their role in enhancing OXPHOS to support cancer stemness and drug resistance,[6, 25] the precise mechanisms related to mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly factors remain unclear. The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is cancer.