PDCD1 and neoplasm: When compared with platinum-based chemotherapy, patients with high programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression (PD-L1 tumor proportion score [TPS] ≥50%) who received first-line treatment with pembrolizumab [a programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitor and humanized monoclonal antibody] as either monotherapy (MONO) or combined with chemotherapy (COMB) demonstrated improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) (1–5).