CCL3 and metabolic syndrome: By transplanting feces from healthy individuals and those with metabolic syndrome into DMM mouse models, the study revealed that the fecal microbiota from metabolic syndrome patients correlated with increased severity of OA and heightened levels of intra-articular and systemic inflammatory biomarkers, including IL-1β, IL-6, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) [120].