TNF and Cirrhosis: Our findings indicate that the effect of these SIM may either not translate from in-vitro to patients with cirrhosis, or the impact of TNF-α and IL-1β could be limited to their secretion by astroglial cells (Aldridge et al. 2015; de Vires et al. 1996) and thus not translate to measurably different levels in cubital vein blood.