Novel strategies in preclinical PDAC models comprising IR, αPD1, and BMS-687681 (a dual CCR2/CCR5i) have shown promising increases in CD8 T-cells (Wang et al., 2022), whereas the combination of IR and the bifunctional agent αPD-1/IL-2Rβγ stimulates tumor penetration of polyfunctional stem-like activated CD8 T-cells and DNAM1+ cytotoxic NK cells (Piper et al., 2023). The gene discussed is CD226; the disease is neoplasm.