Similarly, studies have also shown that quercetin can activate SIRT1, enhance the Nrf 2/HO-1/SOD1 signaling pathway, inhibit apoptosis and M1 macrophage polarization, and exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, thereby reducing contrast-induced acute kidney injury in type 1 diabetic mice (Wu et al., 2024) (Figure 2). Here, SIRT1 is linked to acute kidney injury.