CD38 and esophageal cancer: CD38 on IgD+ CD24‐ can also be expressed in a multitude of tumors and assumes a tumor-promoting role, such as cervical cancer within solid tumors, glioma, esophageal cancer, liver cancer, melanoma and lung cancer, as well as in hematological malignancies, for example, multiple myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.[46–55] HVEM is an immunomodulatory molecule that is expressed on the surface of HVEM on EM CD4+.