BRAF and ganglioglioma: The occurrence of BRAF V600E mutations in childhood gliomas is about 23%, and around 10% in WHO stages III and IV.[14] This mutation is more common in low-grade tumors and is associated with poor responses to chemotherapy.[7] It has a higher incidence in epithelioid glioblastoma, anaplastic polymorphic cholangiocarcinoma, ganglioglioma, and anaplastic ganglioglioma.[7]