CD8A and neoplasm: L. acidophilus increases the CD8+ T cell percentage and regulates NFκB inflammatory pathway via secretion of pentasaccharides (El-Deeb et al, 2018), while L. gallinarum enhances CD8+ T cell function and strengthens anti-tumor immunity through indole-3-carboxylic acid with kynurenine production suppression (Fong et al, 2023).