Cytokines involved in AML blast cell survival, remodelling of bone marrow niche and early resistance to gilteritinib (CSF1, IL3, FLT3 ligand, CCL5 and IL6) [22] were significantly downregulated by MEN1703 but not by gilteritinib (Figure 3E). This evidence concerns the gene CSF1 and acute myeloid leukemia.