MAPT and Alzheimer disease: We chose the levels of p-tau phosphorylated at the threonine-181 residue as the AD biomarker change, which is a representative Core 1 biomarker to detect the initial stage of AD in the new diagnostic criteria [18], because elevation of p-tau181 in the CSF and plasma occurs solely in AD and not in other neurodegenerative disorders [19, 20].