INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In a type 2 diabetes model, improvements were seen in markers like blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL/HDL ratio, and malondialdehyde, alongside increased antioxidants such as SOD (superoxide dismutase), TAC (total antioxidant capacity), catalase, and GPX (glutathione peroxidase) [43].