Some of the MRI changes are non-specific and could not explain the causal relationship between the brain lesion and dystonia like in NMDA (bitemporal hyperintensity and orofacial dyskinesia), LGI, IgLoN5 (cerebral atrophy and limb dystonia), GAD65 (cerebral atrophy and stiff person syndrome or lower limb dystonia), GABAA, MOG, mGluR5 associated encephalitis. This evidence concerns the gene GAD2 and Cerebral atrophy.