HNF1B and Huntington disease: Figures 6D, E shows that HD treatment significantly elevated the protein expression levels of HNF-1β (3 and 10 μM, P < 0.05), a finding reinforced by immunofluorescence observations (Figure 6H). Moreover, DRA levels increased in a dose-responsive manner upon HD administration, especially at the higher dosage (10 μM, Figures 6D, F), indicating the involvement of the HNF-1β/DRA pathway in intestinal protection by HD.