RING1 and diabetes mellitus: Out of these genes, six genes (BLK, LINC02356, LOC110384692, C4A, MAX, and RNF1) were found to have a protective effect for DM-PAD, as their β values were <0, while nine genes (CPEB3, KLHDC7 A, ZNF311, CDKN1 A, PSMA4, CYP21A2, DENND5B, TGFBR2, and FAM167 A) were considered to be dangerous, as their β values were >0 (Figure 2C).