NR4A1 and ischemia: While the contribution of Nr4a1 to extra cellular matrix (ECM) production in the infarct zone is important in ischemia where a well-formed scar is essential to maintaining long-term cardiac function, in adverse cardiac remodeling of non-ischemic etiologies (e.g. hypertension, diabetes), excess ECM is detrimental and contributes to diastolic dysfunction [7, 8].