Later, Wang et al. (2022b) demonstrated that NAG-1/GDF15 transgenic mice were resistant to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes, i.e., NAG-1/GDF15 signaling inhibited STZ-stimulated apoptosis of β-cells in mouse pancreatic islets and thus attenuated type 1 diabetes. This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.