The same is true for lipid metabolism pathway expression (e.g., adipogenesis) in BRCA brain, lung, ovary, and skin metastases, with a particular occurrence of immune pathways (e.g., IL-6 JAK-STAT3 signaling and TNF-α signaling via NF-κB) in the brain metastases. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is invasive breast carcinoma.