Notably, involvement of the IL-1 pathway in the aggressiveness and metastasis of lung cancer has been reported in experimental studies (Li et al., 2020; Zhang and Veeramachaneni, 2022), and inhibition of IL-1β has proven effective in reducing lung cancer-related mortality, as shown in the CANTOS trial (Ridker et al., 2017). Here, IL1B is linked to lung cancer.