PPARA and steatosis: Additionally, the results of AH patients, NIAAA, and ALD mouse models have indicated that excessive alcohol consumption inhibits the ADRB2/SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARα pathway, leading to elevated levels of oxidative stress and cytokines such as CCL2, CXCL8, and CXCL10, accompanied by hepatic steatosis (Figure 10).