In PDAC, several key tumor suppressor genes, such as CDKN2A (Goodwin et al., 2023), RASSF1A (Amato et al., 2016), and BRCA1 (Lai et al., 2021), have been found to be inactivated due to hypermethylation in their promoter regions, leading to dysregulation of important pathways such as cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and apoptosis, promoting tumor formation and progression. Here, BRCA1 is linked to neoplasm.